What is justice?
Justice is the concept that each age and civilization is about the meaning of their laws. It is a value determined by society. Born of the need to maintain harmony among its members. Is the set of rules and standards that establish a framework for relations between individuals and institutions, authorizing, prohibiting specific actions and allowing the interaction of individuals and institutions.
This set of rules is culturally-grounded and in most modern societies a formal basis:
The cultural foundation is based on a broad consensus in the individuals of a society about the good and the bad, and other practical aspects of how they should organize the relationships between people. It is assumed that in every human society, most members have a conception of justice, and is considered a social virtue to act according to this conception.
The formal basis is formally codified in various provisions written, which are applied by persons specially designated judges, who try to be impartial with respect to the members and institutions of society and the conflicts that occur in relationships.
Theories of justice
Among other theories of justice emphasize the of philosophers
Plato: Justice as social harmony. In his book "The Republic", Plato proposed for the organization of his ideal city, through the dialogue of Socrates, that the rulers of this city are transformed into individuals more just and wise, or philosophers, or that individuals more just and wise of the community, ie, philosophers, are converted into their rulers.
Aristotle: Justice as proportional equality: Give to each what is his, or his due. He says that it is up to each citizen must be in proportion to their contribution to society, their needs and their personal merits.
St. Thomas Aquinas: The Natural Law. Says that citizens should have natural rights, which are what God gives. These rights are later called Human Rights.
For utilitarians public institutions are composed of a fair when they get to maximize the aggregate utility (in the sense of happiness). According to this theory, it just is what benefits the greatest number of people at once.
Ulpian: Justice is the constant and perpetual will to give everyone his due.
John Rawls defines justice as fairness, which is basically the principle of equal liberty, the principle of fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle.
Distributive Justice
An interesting aspect of the organization of societies is how to hold the resources available, goods produced and wealth available. In principle, most societies have managed partially inconsistent two concepts of what is a fair distribution of goods and wealth:
Justice according to the need, says those who are most in need of a good must have larger allocations.
Justice on the merits, holding that those who contribute most to the production of goods and wealth must also have a higher proportion of them.
In practice in modern societies the two coexisting distributive justice criteria in allocating resources, implementing more or less priority one or another depending on the situation.
Justice according to the need, says those who are most in need of a good must have larger allocations.
Justice on the merits, holding that those who contribute most to the production of goods and wealth must also have a higher proportion of them.
In practice in modern societies the two coexisting distributive justice criteria in allocating resources, implementing more or less priority one or another depending on the situation.
Carlos Bañares Mendoza
Aderly Hernández Serrano
Bruno eduardo rojas piña
Valeria granados limon
3 "B"
Aderly Hernández Serrano
Bruno eduardo rojas piña
Valeria granados limon
3 "B"
